Over its centuries-old history, coffee has practically not undergone any changes. And if we talk about its varieties, then to this day, all the same two types of coffee are cultivated as hundreds of years ago.
In fact, there are over 90 species of coffee trees all over the world. But on an industrial scale for food purposes, only two types of grains are used - "arabica" and "robusta". What is the difference between these two varieties and which choice to prefer?
Arabica
Arabica is the most popular variety. It accounts for over 70% of all coffee cultivated in the world. But due to its poor resistance to diseases and adverse environmental conditions, this variety is also the most expensive.
Arabica is cultivated at an altitude of 900 to 2000 meters above sea level. The grains are oblong and have a shiny, smooth surface. The grains contain a large amount of essential oils, which makes the prepared drink from this variety especially aromatic and soft in taste.
Robusta
Robusta coffee trees have become widespread only since the beginning of the 20th century. This variety is more resistant to disease, fast growth and ripening. Robusta plantations are located on the lower slopes at an altitude of 0-600 meters above sea level, that is, where the more whimsical Arabica does not survive. The entire world market of "robusta" accounts for about 30% of all coffee production.
"Robusta" in comparison with "Arabica" accumulates a much larger amount of caffeine, which makes the coffee of this variety invigorating, tart and somewhat bitter. The grains are also different from the "Arabica". They are more rounded and have a grayish color.
"Arabica" and "robusta" - differences and combination
These two varieties have a fundamental difference in chemical composition and taste. Arabica is softer and more aromatic due to the fact that it contains 60% more essential oils than Robusta. The latter contains more alkaloids, which leads to a stronger stimulating effect, albeit with a significant deterioration in the direction of taste.
Based on these characteristics, the world's coffee producers create different blends of the two varieties in order to create the perfect balance of taste, aroma and invigorating properties. Therefore, when buying a package of ground coffee, first of all, you should pay attention to the percentage of varieties, which will allow you to make a choice based on your taste and needs.
Do not forget also about the price category. “Arabica” is initially more expensive, which means that packaging with the inscription “100% Arabica” cannot be cheaper than a coffee blend with a predominance of the “Robusta” variety.
