Walnuts are harvested in late autumn when they reach maturity. The main sign of the ripeness of a nut is that its outer shell dries up and cracks, and from it the kernel falls out in a hard shell.
Collection and storage
Walnuts grow in Moldova, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, as well as in China, Japan, Central Asia and on the territory of Russia. Collecting them begins at the end of September and continues until the beginning, or even mid-October. Ripe nuts peel off easily from the cracked green rind. After cleansing, they should be dried in the sun, attic or other well ventilated area. This contributes to a longer storage of the fetus.
If stored properly, dry nuts can be consumed within 2-3 years, the main thing is to prevent moisture from entering. If walnuts are excessively dry, they should be soaked in slightly salted water for 5-6 days. Thus, the nuts are saturated with moisture and regain their original taste and texture.
For the preparation of jams and medicinal tinctures, green nuts are used, which are harvested from late June to mid-July, until the shell hardens.
Walnut trees
The trees on which walnuts grow, reach a height of thirty or more meters, they have a powerful trunk and a spreading crown, which in diameter can be equal to the height of the tree. They are centenarians, their age is counted in centuries, some species are 400 or more years old. Already in the fifth year of life, trees begin to bear their first fruits. On average, the yield of an adult tree is up to 100 kg.
Useful properties of trees and fruits
Walnut trees are not only beneficial for their fruit. Their leaves and wood are also used. The foliage is used to make teas that are rich in vitamin C, and wood is used as raw material for heating stoves. Gardeners note that there are no midges near the walnut tree, since it is frightened off by the phytoncides exuded by the tree.
Walnuts are very high in calories and contain a large amount of vitamins and minerals. They are 17% protein, which is well absorbed by the body. Walnuts are consumed fresh, added to salads, pastries and other dishes. Jam is made from green fruits.
Walnut oil is extremely healthy, it is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and belongs to dietary products. After pressing the oil, cake remains, containing a large amount of essential amino acids. Useful flour is made from it, which is added to baked goods.
